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Open organ pipe
Intermediate
Open at both ends supports all harmonics.
f_n = nv/2LOpen at both ends: antinodes at both ends, fₙ = nv/2L with all harmonics (n = 1, 2, 3...).
L = 0.5 m, v = 343: f₁ = 343 Hz.
Similar to a string, as with flutes.
In more detail
An open organ pipe has antinodes at both ends and supports all harmonics, with frequencies f_n = n v / 2L. The fundamental has a wavelength of twice the pipe length.
Real-world uses
- Pipe organs are designed with open pipes for bright tones.
- Flutes behave like open pipes, producing a full range of harmonics.
- A flute or open organ pipe produces its full range of harmonics, which is why it sounds bright.
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Frequently asked questions
What are the ends of an open pipe?
Antinodes of pressure, where air can move freely.
Does an open pipe sound different from a closed one?
Yes, it contains even and odd harmonics, while a closed pipe contains only odd harmonics.
What is the fundamental of an open pipe?
Its length is half a wavelength, so the lowest frequency is v divided by twice the pipe length.
Related topics in Waves & Sound
Nodes and antinodes · Modes of a stretched string · Harmonics and overtones · Closed organ pipe · End correction · Kundt's tube