Home / Topics / Magnetism & Induction
Aurorae
Beginner
Charged solar particles spiralling in Earth's field excite atmosphere.
Charged solar wind particles are guided by Earth's field to the poles, where they excite atmospheric oxygen (green, red) and nitrogen (blue/purple).
Seen near latitudes 65–70°.
Stronger during solar storms.
In more detail
Auroras are light displays caused by charged particles from the Sun following Earth's magnetic field lines into the upper atmosphere. Collisions with air molecules emit light.
Real-world uses
- Scientists study auroras to understand solar storms and space weather.
- Auroras are visible near Earth's poles.
- Auroras are seen near the poles because charged particles from the Sun follow the magnetic field lines into the upper atmosphere.
Open the interactive lesson, with simulation and quiz →
Frequently asked questions
Why are auroras near the poles?
Because magnetic field lines guide particles towards the polar regions.
What colours are they?
Green is common from oxygen, and red and blue come from other atoms and molecules.
Why are auroras seen mainly near the poles?
The field lines converge there, so charged particles are guided into the atmosphere at high latitudes.
Related topics in Magnetism & Induction
Vector potential · Magnetic levitation · Magnetic resonance imaging · Van Allen belts · Superconducting magnets · Magnetic field of moving charge